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crypt is a POSIX C library function. It is typically used to compute the hash of user account passwords. The function outputs a text string which also encodes the salt (usually the first two characters are the salt itself and the rest is the hashed result), and identifies the hash algorithm used (defaulting to the "traditional" one explained below).
The original technique for constructing k-independent hash functions, given by Carter and Wegman, was to select a large prime number p, choose k random numbers modulo p, and use these numbers as the coefficients of a polynomial of degree k − 1 whose values modulo p are used as the value of the hash function.
Comparison of supported cryptographic hash functions. Here hash functions are defined as taking an arbitrary length message and producing a fixed size output that is virtually impossible to use for recreating the original message.
hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling ...
Example of a Key Derivation Function chain as used in the Signal Protocol.The output of one KDF function is the input to the next KDF function in the chain. In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a ...
Compute t = ceil(p/r), the number of r-bit blocks needed to represent a key. Create a two-dimensional 2 r × t array, T, and fill it with random q-bit numbers. Now T can be used to compute the hash value h(x) of any given key x. To do so, partition x into r-bit values, where x 0 consists of the lowest r bits of x, x 1 consists of the next r ...
A hash function that will relocate the minimum number of records when the table is resized is desirable. What is needed is a hash function H(z,n) (where z is the key being hashed and n is the number of allowed hash values) such that H(z,n + 1) = H(z,n) with probability close to n/(n + 1).
The sponge construction for hash functions. P i are blocks of the input string, Z i are hashed output blocks.. In cryptography, a sponge function or sponge construction is any of a class of algorithms with finite internal state that take an input bit stream of any length and produce an output bit stream of any desired length.