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By the Late Cretaceous, a temperate climate in both the Northern and Southern hemisphere was ideal for the rapid diversification and distribution of various angiosperms and to a lesser extent, conifers. Studies on the mid-Cretaceous paleorecord conclude that forest compositions in Northern hemisphere high paleolatitudes were mainly populated by ...
The canopy of the polar forests around present-day Alexander Island, which was around 75°S in the Middle Cretaceous, were predominantly evergreen, and likely most South Polar forests were as well, and comprised mainly araucarian and podocarp conifers.
Cheirolepidiaceae (also spelled Cheirolepidaceae) is an extinct family of conifers.They first appeared in the Triassic, and were a diverse and common group of conifers during most of the Mesozoic era, primarily at low latitudes, [1] where they often formed a dominant element of the vegetation. [2]
Araucariaceae is a family of conifers with three living genera, Araucaria, Agathis, and Wollemia.While the family's native distribution is now largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, except for a few species of Agathis in Malesia, it was formerly widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
Most conifers are monoecious, but some are subdioecious or dioecious; all are wind-pollinated. Conifer seeds develop inside a protective cone called a strobilus. The cones take from four months to three years to reach maturity, and vary in size from 2 to 600 millimetres (1 ⁄ 8 to 23 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) long.
Araucaria (/ æ r ɔː ˈ k ɛər i ə /; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka.ɾja]) [2] is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae.While today they are largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, during the Jurassic and Cretaceous they were globally distributed.
The climate was humid, with flowering plants, conifers, palm trees, and ferns in the swamps, and conifers, canopy, understory plants, high diversity of angiosperm trees and shrubs in the forests. In northwestern South Dakota , strips of black layers deposited in the wetland environment are rich in coal, and a bright band-like layer of sand and ...
Dense forests with giant trees grew here, among which were Araucaria mirabilis, an ancient relative of modern species of Araucaria, a kind of evergreen conifer. [ 2 ] This changed at the start of the Cretaceous period, when volcanic eruptions, which coincided with the start of upthrusting of the Andes mountains, buried some of the Patagonian ...