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The Italian Wars [b] were a series of conflicts fought between 1494 and 1559, mostly in the Italian Peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France , on one side, and their opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain on the other.
The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Spanish Bourbons in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country was completed ...
Third Italian War (1502–1504) 25 December 1502: Battle of Seminara (1502) . French victory over Spain. 13 February 1503: Challenge of Barletta. Italian knights in Spanish service won a duel against French knights. 23 February 1503: Battle of Ruvo. Spanish victory over France. 21 April 1503: Battle of Seminara (1503). Spanish victory over France.
Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity. Major conflicts of this era include the Italian Wars and Thirty Years' War in Europe, the Kongo Civil War in Africa, the Qing conquest of the Ming in Asia, the Spanish conquest of Peru in South America, and the American ...
The First Italian War, or Charles VIII's Italian War, [2] was the opening phase of the Italian Wars.The war pitted Charles VIII of France, who had initial Milanese aid, against the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and an alliance of Italian powers led by Pope Alexander VI, known as the League of Venice.
The Italian War of 1521–1526, sometimes known as the Four Years' War, [note 3] (French: Sixième guerre d'Italie) was a part of the Italian Wars.The war pitted Francis I of France and the Republic of Venice against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Henry VIII of England, and the Papal States.
The military history of Italy chronicles a vast time period, lasting from the military conflicts fought by the ancient peoples of Italy, most notably the conquest of the Mediterranean world by the ancient Romans, through the expansion of the Italian city-states and maritime republics during the medieval period and the involvement of the historical Italian states in the Italian Wars and the ...
The Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella were known to be fearful of a new rapprochement between Louis XII and the Italian powers. They might invade France from the west, while Louis XII had his armies in Italy, and thus involve Louis in a war on two fronts.