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The blood loss from the circulation has several effects. Firstly, as blood builds up within the pleural cavity, it begins to interfere with the normal movement of the lungs, preventing one or both lungs from fully expanding and thereby interfering with the normal transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the blood. [15]
The onset of pulmonary hemorrhage is characterized by a cough productive of blood and worsening of oxygenation leading to cyanosis. [1] Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities such as disorders of coagulation.
An obstruction that prevents oxygen from entering the lungs results in oxygen deprivation. Although oxygen stored in the blood and lungs can keep a person alive for several minutes after breathing stops, [1] choking often leads to death. Around 4,500 to 5,000 choking-related deaths occur in the United States every year.
Pulmonary embolism is the third leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease and happens when blood clots block an artery in the lungs, so blood and gas cannot flow normally.
The heart and lungs are vital organs for human life due to their ability to properly oxygenate human blood (lungs) and distribute this blood to all vital organs (heart). Hence, failure of the heart to pump blood or the lungs to obtain oxygen can lead to a cardiopulmonary death where the heart stops pumping and there is no pulse.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (). [6] Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. [1]
Blast lung is severe pulmonary contusion, bleeding, or edema with damage to alveoli and blood vessels, or a combination of these. [21] This is the primary cause of death among people who initially survive an explosion. [ 22 ]
The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the Ghon focus, is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. [13] Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung. [91]