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In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. [1] It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism .
David Hume (/ h juː m /; born David Home; 7 May 1711 – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who was best known for his highly influential system of empiricism, philosophical scepticism and metaphysical naturalism. [1]
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Major Empiricist. Political philosopher. Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715). ... Philosopher of science, influence on logical positivism. Franz Brentano (1838–1917 ...
Bacon's empiricism and Descartes' rationalist philosophy laid the foundation for enlightenment thinking. [19] Descartes' attempt to construct the sciences on a secure metaphysical foundation was not as successful as his method of doubt applied in philosophic areas leading to a dualistic doctrine of mind and matter.
George Berkeley was a philosopher who opposed rationalism and "classical" empiricism. He was a " subjective idealist " or "empirical idealist", who believed that reality is constructed entirely of immaterial, conscious minds and their ideas; everything that exists is somehow dependent on the subject perceiving it, except the subject themselves.
Willard Van Orman Quine (/ k w aɪ n /; known to his friends as "Van"; [9] June 25, 1908 – December 25, 2000) was an American philosopher and logician in the analytic tradition, recognized as "one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century". [10]
The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley. Book I of the Essay is Locke's attempt to refute the rationalist notion of innate ideas.