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Walter Rudolf Hess (17 March 1881 – 12 August 1973) [1] was a Swiss physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for mapping the areas of the brain involved in the control of internal organs. [2] He shared the prize with Egas Moniz.
It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. [1] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five ...
The procedure enjoyed a brief vogue, and in 1949 he received the Nobel Prize "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses." [13] Critics accused Moniz of understating complications, providing inadequate documentation, and not following up with patients.
Besides some scientists from these nominees won the prizes in other fields (including years after 1953): J.Boyd Orr - Peace Prize (1949); L.C.Pauling twice - in Chemistry (1954) and Peace Prize (1962); 3 - in Physics and 20 - in Chemistry (including Fr.Sanger twice - in 1958 and 1980).
Different organisations are responsible for awarding the individual prizes; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics; the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature; the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace. [3]
Schack August Steenberg Krogh ForMemRS [1] (15 November 1874 – 13 September 1949) was a Danish professor at the department of zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen from 1916 to 1945. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] He contributed a number of fundamental discoveries within several fields of physiology , and is famous for developing Krogh's principle .
William Francis Giauque (/ dʒ i ˈ oʊ k /; [1] May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was a Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel laureate.He was recognized in 1949, for his studies in the properties of matter, at temperatures close to absolute zero.
Sir Michael Houghton (born 1949) is a British scientist and Nobel Prize laureate. Along with Qui-Lim Choo, George Kuo and Daniel W. Bradley, he co-discovered Hepatitis C in 1989. [2] He also co-discovered the Hepatitis D genome in 1986. [3]