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The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture), more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The second most important scripture of the Sikhs is the Dasam Granth. Both of these consist of text which was written or authorised by the Sikh Gurus. Within Sikhism the Sri Guru Granth Sahib or Adi Granth is more than just a scripture.
Sikhism does not differentiate religious obligations by sex. God in Sikhism has no sex, and the Sikh scripture does not discriminate against women, nor bar them from any roles. [91] Women in Sikhism have been in positions of leadership, including leading in wars and issuing orders or hukamnamas. [92] [91] [93]
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh is the Jewish scriptural canon and central source of Jewish law. The word is an acronym formed from the initial Hebrew letters of the three traditional subdivisions of the Tanakh: The Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch), the Nevi'im ("Prophets") and the Ketuvim ("Writings"). [21]
The third largest Abrahamic religion is Judaism with about 14.1 million adherents, called Jews. [158] The BaháΚΌí Faith has over 8 million adherents, making it the fourth largest Abrahamic religion, [ 160 ] [ 161 ] and the fastest growing religion across the 20th century, usually at least twice the rate of population growth. [ 162 ]
For Christians, the Bible refers to the Old Testament and the New Testament.The Protestant Old Testament is largely identical to what Jews call the Bible; the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Old Testament (held to by some Protestants as well) is based on the prevailing first century Greek translation of the Jewish Bible, the Septuagint.
The initiation, known as the Amrit Sanchar, bequeathed by the tenth Guru and who does not owe allegiance to any other religion, is a Sikh. Male Sikhs generally have Singh (' lion ') as their last name, though not all Singhs are necessarily Sikhs; likewise, female Sikhs have Kaur (' lioness ') as their last name.
Sikhism is a monotheistic faith [90] [91] that arose in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent during the 16th and 17th centuries. Sikhs believe in one, timeless, omnipresent, supreme creator. The opening verse of the Guru Granth Sahib, known as the Mul Mantra, signifies this:
God has been called by many Attributive names [action-related names, Kirtan Naam (SGGS. Ang 1083), or Karam Naam (Dasam Granth, Jaap Sahib) in Sikh literature, picked from Indian and Semitic traditions. [3] They are called in terms of human relations as our Father, Mother, Brother, Companion, Friend, Lover, Beloved, and Husband. [28]