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Neopentane is the simplest alkane with a quaternary carbon, and has achiral tetrahedral symmetry. It is one of the three structural isomers with the molecular formula C 5 H 12 , the other two being n-pentane and isopentane. Out of these three, it is the only one to be a gas at standard conditions; the others are liquids.
Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
A skeletal isomer of a compound is a structural isomer that differs from it in the atoms and bonds that are considered to comprise the "skeleton" of the molecule. For organic compounds, such as alkanes, that usually means the carbon atoms and the bonds between them.
Alkanes have the general chemical formula C n H 2n+2. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane (CH 4), where n = 1 (sometimes called the parent molecule), to arbitrarily large and complex molecules, like pentacontane (C 50 H 102) or 6-ethyl-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) octane, an isomer of tetradecane (C 14 H 30).
It is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C 5 H 12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane). Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C.
If you mean the lowest-viscosity paraffin that's a liquid at room temperature, I expect that would be one of n-pentane, isopentane, or neopentane. Our article gives the viscosity for n-pentane but not for the other two. I doubt they would work as sewing-machine oil, but then I don't really know the requirements, so I can't say for sure.
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Pentane; Eupione, or eupion; Isopentane, or methylbutane; Neopentane, or 2,2-dimethylpropane This page was last edited on 19 October 2023, at 00:14 ...