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Bio-FETs couple a transistor device with a bio-sensitive layer that can specifically detect bio-molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. A Bio-FET system consists of a semiconducting field-effect transistor that acts as a transducer separated by an insulator layer (e.g. SiO 2) from the biological recognition element (e.g. receptors or probe molecules) which are selective to the target ...
The biosensors are disposable, resulting in low costs and high commercial availability. [11] Biosensor selection is determined by the desired test results: kinetic analysis, quantitative analysis, or both. [12] Most commercially available biosensor types will be grouped into one of these three categories by the BLI manufacturer. [1]
The biosensor reader device connects with the associated electronics or signal processors that are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way. [5] This sometimes accounts for the most expensive part of the sensor device, however it is possible to generate a user friendly display that includes transducer and ...
Pyroelectric biosensors generate an electric current as a result of a temperature change. This differential induces a polarization in the substance, producing a dipole moment in the direction of the temperature gradient. The result is a net voltage across the material. This net voltage can be calculated by the following equation. [6]
[10] While under standard conditions malate cannot reduce the more electronegative NAD +:NADH couple, in the cell the concentration of oxaloacetate is kept low enough that Malate dehydrogenase can reduce NAD + to NADH during the citric acid cycle. Fumarate + 2 H + + 2 e − → Succinate +0.03 [9] O 2 + 2H + + 2e − → H 2 O 2 +0.30
Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors is a device that takes advantage of the electrochemical and biological properties of aptamers to take real time, in vivo measurements. An electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensor generates an electrochemical signal in response to specific target binding in vivo [ 3 ] The signal is measured ...
In a broader sense, optogenetic approaches also include the use of genetically encoded biosensors to monitor the activity of neurons or other cell types by measuring fluorescence or bioluminescence. Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are used frequently to monitor neuronal activity, but other cellular parameters such as membrane ...
Amperometric-based biosensors detect the change in electric current at a fixed positive electric potential. [1] Recent developments in voltammetric and amperometric miRNA biosensors can be classified as label-based or label-free biosensors, indicating whether or not electroactive labels on the miRNA target are used as the naming suggests.