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Lists of state leaders in the 19th century include: List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850) List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900) List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states; List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire; List of governors of dependent territories in ...
This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire. These polities are generally sovereign states , but excludes minor dependent territories , whose leaders can be found listed under territorial ...
This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire. These polities are generally sovereign states , but excludes minor dependent territories , whose leaders can be found listed under territorial ...
19th century (1851–1900) 19th century (1801–1850) 19th-century Holy Roman Empire; 19th-century British South Asia; 18th century. 18th-century Holy Roman Empire; 18th-century British South Asia; 17th century. 17th-century Holy Roman Empire; 17th-century South Asia; 16th century. 16th-century Holy Roman Empire; 16th-century South Asia; 15th ...
England remained an example of a country whose territorial administration relied solely on local government bodies until the end of the 19th century. They had broad powers and evolved towards decentralization. In the 19th century, local government reforms were carried out. [g] [14] The first stage, initiated between 1832 and 1835, concerned ...
Britain handled foreign policy and defence. The second half of the 19th century saw a major expansion of Britain's colonial empire in Asia and Africa as well as the Pacific. In the "Scramble for Africa", the boast was having the Union Jack flying from "Cairo to Cape Town." Britain defended its empire with the world's dominant navy, and a small ...
There were renewed Scandinavian attacks on England at the end of the 10th century. Æthelred ruled a long reign but ultimately lost his kingdom to Sweyn of Denmark, though he recovered it following the latter's death. However, Æthelred's son Edmund II Ironside died shortly afterwards, allowing Cnut, Sweyn's son, to become king of England.
Wage rates continued to improve in the later 19th century: real wages (after taking inflation into account) were 65 per cent higher in 1901 compared to 1871. Much of the money was saved, as the number of depositors in savings banks rose from 430,000 in 1831 to 5.2 million in 1887, and their deposits from £14 million to over £90 million.