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Hybrid rocket fuel regression refers to the process by which the fuel grain of a hybrid-propellant rocket is converted from a solid to a gas that is combusted. It encompasses the regression rate, the distance that the fuel surface recedes over a given time, as well as the burn area, the surface area that is being eroded at a given moment.
The first work on hybrid rockets was performed in the early 1930s at the Soviet Group for the Study of Reactive Motion. Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov, who would later supervise the design of Sputnik I and the Luna programme, was responsible for the first hybrid propelled rocket launch, the GIRD-9, on 17 August 1933, which reached an altitude of 400 metres (1,300 ft).
Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel. All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some [ note 3 ] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage .
RocketMotorTwo is a hybrid rocket engine utilizing solid hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) fuel and liquid nitrous oxide oxidizer – sometimes referred to as an N 2 O/HTPB motor [8] [9] – providing 70,000 pounds-force (310 kN) of thrust. [10] The design makes use of lessons learned during the development of the SpaceShipOne hybrid ...
bluShift Aerospace was founded on the vision of rockets powered by a bio-derived fuel, making them safer for handlers and the environment. This new propulsion technology will allow bluShift to offer cost-competitive rideshares for small numbers of cubesats at a time, to client-preferred orbits, with low wait times to launch. [3]
The hybrid rocket engine uses a paraffin-based fuel and liquid oxygen. [10] On 4 September 2023 HyImpulse completed its ninth hot fire test campaign. With the successful completion of the testing, HyImpulse qualified its HyPLOX-75 hybrid rocket motor for flight. [11] The motor will be used aboard the SR75 and SL1 first and second stages.
SABRE (Synergetic Air Breathing Rocket Engine [4]) was a concept under development by Reaction Engines Limited for a hypersonic precooled hybrid air-breathing rocket engine. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The engine is designed to achieve single-stage-to-orbit capability, propelling the proposed Skylon spaceplane to low Earth orbit.
The rocket successfully lifted off and the maximum height was almost 1000 meters. [27] APPL-9 α On Jan 4, 2015, the twenty-first flight test of ARRC was held at Siangshan Wetland, Hsinchu. APPL-9 was a two-stage rocket. The first stage was a sugar rocket and the second stage was a hybrid rocket with nitrous oxide as an