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CXL 3.0 replaced bias modes with enhanced coherency semantics, allowing Type 2 and Type 3 devices to back invalidate the data in the host cache when the device has made a change to the local memory. Enhanced coherency also helps implement peer-to-peer transfers within a virtual hierarchy of devices in the same coherency domain.
The MESI protocol is an invalidate-based cache coherence protocol, and is one of the most common protocols that support write-back caches. It is also known as the Illinois protocol due to its development at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. [1] Write back caches can save considerable bandwidth generally wasted on a write through ...
Write-Back. Data is written only in cache. Data is Write-Back to MM only when the data is replaced in cache or when required by other caches (see Write policy). It is better for multi-write on the same cache line. Intermediate solution: Write Through for the first write, Write-Back for the next (Write-once and Bull HN ISI [20] protocols). Write ...
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The cache line may not be written, but must be changed to the Exclusive or Modified state first, by invalidating all other cached copies. (If the cache line was Owned before, the invalidate response will indicate this, and the state will become Modified, so the obligation to eventually write the data back to memory is not forgotten.)
The write-invalidate protocols and write-update protocols make use of this mechanism. For the snooping mechanism, a snoop filter reduces the snooping traffic by maintaining a plurality of entries, each representing a cache line that may be owned by one or more nodes.
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A cache line in the O state is dirty and must be written back to memory before being discarded. The F state in the MESIF protocol is simply a way to choose one of the sharers of a clean cache line to respond to a read request for data using a direct cache-to-cache transfer instead of waiting for the data to come from the main memory.