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THCA synthase exhibits no catalytic activity against cannabigerol, which lacks a carboxyl group compared to CBGA, suggesting that the carboxyl group of CBGA is necessary for the reaction to occur. [1] The overall chemical reaction is: CBGA + O 2 THCA + H 2 O 2. Chemical structure of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), the product of THCA synthase.
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA, 2-COOH-THC; conjugate base tetrahydrocannabinolate) is a precursor of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active component of cannabis. [1]THCA is found in variable quantities in fresh, undried cannabis, but is progressively decarboxylated to THC with drying, and especially under intense heating such as when cannabis is smoked or cooked into cannabis edibles.
Heat is required to decarboxylate the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid THCA to its psychoactive form, THC. Likewise, CBDA turns into CBD. From hemp plant material in an oven, cannabinoid concentration plots (time/temp) show THC: [16] STP 0 minutes 0.20mg/g; 140-160C 20 minutes 0.27mg/g; 140-160C 60 minutes 0.05-0.15mg/g
Geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid react, catalysed by an enzyme to produce cannabigerolic acid, [42] which is cyclized by the enzyme THC acid synthase to give THCA. Over time, or when heated, THCA is decarboxylated, producing THC. The pathway for THCA biosynthesis is similar to that which produces the bitter acid humulone in hops.
However, cannabis does not naturally contain significant amounts of THC. Instead, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) is found naturally in raw and live cannabis and is non-intoxicating. Over time, THCA slowly converts to THC through a process of decarboxylation over the course of roughly a year, but can be sped up with exposure to high ...
Next, CBGA is independently converted to either CBG, THCA, CBDA or CBCA by four separate synthase, FAD-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes. There is no evidence for enzymatic conversion of CBDA or CBD to THCA or THC.
A 2022 pre-clinical study by researchers from the Oregon State University and Oregon Health & Science University found that CBGA (along with CBDA and THCA) could prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2. They found that CBGA was able to block infection by the reference strain (WA-1/2020), alpha variant (B.1.1.7) and beta variant (B.1.351) at micromolar ...
Cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active drug in cannabis, can also be produced by bioengineered yeast, a process colloquially known as pharming. [1] In 2007, a research group reported the successful transgenic placement of a THCA synthase gene from Cannabis plant into the Pichia pastoris yeast, giving the yeast the ability to turn the precursor molecule cannabigerolic ...