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  2. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Argument from fallacy (also known as the fallacy fallacy) – the assumption that, if a particular argument for a "conclusion" is fallacious, then the conclusion by itself is false. [ 5 ] Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities , without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities .

  3. Representativeness heuristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representativeness_heuristic

    The gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that, if an event (whose occurrences are independent and identically distributed) has occurred less frequently than expected, it is more likely to happen again in the future (or vice versa).

  4. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    G. I. Joe fallacy, the tendency to think that knowing about cognitive bias is enough to overcome it. [65] Gambler's fallacy, the tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged. The fallacy arises from an erroneous conceptualization of the law of large numbers. For example, "I've ...

  5. Argument from anecdote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_anecdote

    All that is left is the assertion that the argument is true, and it is thus the proof by assertion fallacy. The Cherry-Picking fallacy can occur within the Anecdotal fallacy if an example is used but it is not representative of the average occurrence of such a thing. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc is another fallacy that is often paired with anecdotes.

  6. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    An example of a language dependent fallacy is given as a debate as to who in humanity are learners: the wise or the ignorant. [18]: 3 A language-independent fallacy is, for example: "Coriscus is different from Socrates." "Socrates is a man." "Therefore, Coriscus is different from a man." [18]: 4

  7. Faulty generalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faulty_generalization

    Hasty generalization is the fallacy of examining just one or very few examples or studying a single case and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects or phenomena. The opposite, slothful induction , is the fallacy of denying the logical conclusion of an inductive argument, dismissing an effect as "just a coincidence ...

  8. Base rate fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_rate_fallacy

    An example of the base rate fallacy is the false positive paradox (also known as accuracy paradox).This paradox describes situations where there are more false positive test results than true positives (this means the classifier has a low precision).

  9. Neglect of probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglect_of_probability

    The continuum between the extremes is ignored. The term probability neglect was coined by Cass Sunstein. [1] There are many related ways in which people violate the normative rules of decision making with regard to probability including the hindsight bias, the neglect of prior base rates effect, and the gambler's fallacy. However, this bias is ...