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James Franklin Crow (January 18, 1916 – January 4, 2012) was Professor Emeritus of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a prominent population geneticist whose career spanned from the modern synthesis to the genomic era.
Unequal crossing over is the process most responsible for creating regional gene duplications in the genome. [1] Repeated rounds of unequal crossing over cause the homogenization of the two sequences. With the increase in the duplicates, unequal crossing over can lead to dosage imbalance in the genome and can be highly deleterious. [1] [2]
Few other ZZ/ZW Systems have been analyzed as thoroughly as the chicken; however a recent study on silkworms [39] revealed similar levels of unequal compensation across male Z chromosomes. Z-specific genes were over-expressed in males when compared to females, and a few genes had equal expression in both male and female Z chromosomes.
Genetic recombination is catalyzed by many different enzymes. Recombinases are key enzymes that catalyse the strand transfer step during recombination. RecA, the chief recombinase found in Escherichia coli, is responsible for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).
Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and ... A 2015 meta-analysis of over 14 million twin pairs found that genetics explained 57% of the ...
However, there are several mechanisms that lead to an unequal transmission of parental alleles from parents to offspring. One example is a gene drive complex, called a segregation distorter , that "cheats" during meiosis or gametogenesis and thus is present in more than half of the functional gametes.
L1s can further impact genome variation through mispairing and unequal crossing over during meiosis due to its repetitive DNA sequences. [4] L1 gene products are also required by many non-autonomous Alu and SVA SINE retrotransposons.
An example in dog coat genetics is the homozygosity with the allele "e e" on the Extension-locus making it impossible to produce any other pigment than pheomelanin. Although the allele "e" is a recessive allele on the extension-locus itself, the presence of two copies leverages the dominance of other coat colour genes.