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This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
He is a true translational investigator, since he used these monoclonal antibodies to classify human B-cell leukemia and lymphomas as well as to create therapeutic agents for patients. . . More importantly, he was the first in the world to administer a monoclonal antibody to a human (a patient with B-cell lymphoma)." [11]
Anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies can be targeted against malignant cells by several mechanisms. Ramucirumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody and is used in the treatment of advanced malignancies. [18] In childhood lymphoma, phase I and II studies have found a positive effect of using antibody therapy. [19]
Biologics provide immunotherapy [4] and can function as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. [3] Biologics can generally be grouped by their "class", that is, their specific mechanism of action and affected targets. Some classes are TNF inhibitors, anti-IL-17A antibodies, and IL-23 antibodies. [7]
Toripalimab (Loqtorzi) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 approved in China in 2018 and in the United States in 2023. [18] [19] [20] Tislelizumab (Tevimbra) is a humanized IgG4 anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody approved in China in 2019 and in the United States in 2024 for certain gastrointestinal cancers.
Eculizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the complement protein C5. [13] It is an immunoglobulin G-kappa (IgGκ) consisting of human constant regions and murine complementarity-determining regions grafted onto human framework light and heavy chain variable regions.
The resurrection of antibody immunotherapy contributed to Cesar Milstein and Georges J. F. Kohler, who manifested the mass production of pure monoclonal antibodies with limited adverse effects in 1975. Since then, passive antibody therapy has become prevailed as cancer therapeutics and viral treatments.
The anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody infliximab is a major biological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseaseBiological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [1]