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2. List of undecidable problems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_undecidable_problems

   For functions in certain classes, the problem of determining: whether two functions are equal, known as the zero-equivalence problem (see Richardson's theorem); [4] the zeroes of a function; whether the indefinite integral of a function is also in the class. [5] Of course, some subclasses of these problems are decidable.

3. List of NP-complete problems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NP-complete_problems

   The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [3]: ND22, ND23

4. P versus NP problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem

   The class of questions where an answer can be verified in polynomial time is "NP", standing for "nondeterministic polynomial time". [Note 1] An answer to the P versus NP question would determine whether problems that can be verified in polynomial time can also be solved in polynomial time.

5. Word problem (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics)

   The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]

6. NP (complexity) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP_(complexity)

   The "no"-answer version of this problem is stated as: "given a finite set of integers, does every non-empty subset have a nonzero sum?". The verifier-based definition of NP does not require an efficient verifier for the "no"-answers. The class of problems with such verifiers for the "no"-answers is called co-NP.

7. Computational complexity theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity...

   The complexity class NP, on the other hand, contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known, such as the Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem. Since deterministic Turing machines are special non-deterministic Turing machines ...

8. Word problem (mathematics education) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics...

   Word problem from the Līlāvatī (12th century), with its English translation and solution. In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation.

9. Discrete mathematics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_mathematics

   Currently, one of the most famous open problems in theoretical computer science is the P = NP problem, which involves the relationship between the complexity classes P and NP. The Clay Mathematics Institute has offered a $1 million USD prize for the first correct proof, along with prizes for six other mathematical problems. [18]