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Simple English; سنڌي; Slovenčina ... Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal [1] processes such as feedback and recursion, where the ...
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems with feedback, their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Cybernetics is relevant to the study of systems, such as mechanical, physical, biological, cognitive, and social .
A cyborg (/ ˈ s aɪ b ɔːr ɡ /) (also known as cybernetic organism, cyber-organism, cyber-organic being, cybernetically enhanced organism, cybernetically augmented organism, technorganic being, techno-organic being, or techno-organism)—a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism—is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts.
Cybernetics became a surprise bestseller and was widely read beyond the technical audience that Wiener had expected. In response he wrote The Human Use of Human Beings in which he further explored the social and psychological implications in a format more suited to the non-technical reader.
The importance of phase locking or the "attraction of frequencies", as he called it, is discussed in the 2nd edition of his "Cybernetics". [14] Drexler sees self-replication (copying) as a key step in nano and universal assembly. [15] In later work he seeks to lessen this constraint. [16]
Beer's work in management cybernetics and VSM is largely based on variety engineering. Further applications involving Ashby's view of state counting include the analysis of digital bandwidth requirements, redundancy and software bloat , the bit representation of data types and indexes , analogue to digital conversion , the bounds on finite ...
Biocybernetics is the application of cybernetics to biological science disciplines such as neurology and multicellular systems. Biocybernetics plays a major role in systems biology, seeking to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function.
Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western ...