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An apportionment is an Office of Management and Budget-approved plan to use budgetary resources (31 U.S.C. §§ 1513–b; Executive Order 11541). [1] It typically limits the obligations the federal government may incur for specified time periods, programs, activities, projects, objects, etc. [1] An apportionment is legally binding, and obligations and expenditures (disbursements) that exceed ...
The apportionment created by this statute is "apportionment in respect of time." The cases to which it applies are mainly cases of either: apportionment of rent due under leases where at a time between the dates fixed for payment the lessor or lessee dies, or some other alteration in the position of parties occurs; or
Titled, "The Apportionment of Members Among the States", the paper discusses how seats in the United States House of Representatives are apportioned among the states and compares the distinct reasons for apportionment for taxes and for people. Madison proposes that the "opposite interests" of states to both increase their population counts for ...
Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. and were ruled to be subject to the requirement of apportionment. [43] As the income taxes imposed under the 1894 Act were not apportioned in such a manner, they were held unconstitutional. It was not the income tax per se, but the lack of a provision for its apportionment as a direct tax which made the tax ...
Apportionment (politics), the process of allocating the power of a set of constituent voters among their political representatives Biproportional apportionment; Apportionment of votes in a proposed United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
The United Nations Charter, in Article 17, established that "the expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly."As such on 13 February 1946, the General Assembly created a 10-member Committee on Contributions with the mandate to apportion UN expenses among members, make assessments for new members, hear appeals by members for a change of ...
By this definition, the Sainte-Laguë method is the least-biased apportionment method, [19] while Huntington-Hill exhibits a mild bias towards smaller parties. [18] However, other researchers have noted that slightly different definitions of bias, generally based on percent errors , find the opposite result (The Huntington-Hill method is ...
When using the Hare quota, this rule is called Hamilton's method, and is the third-most common apportionment rule worldwide (after Jefferson's method and Webster's method). [1] Despite their intuitive definition, quota methods are generally disfavored by social choice theorists as a result of apportionment paradoxes.