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Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the medical condition of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels), with resultant hyperplasia of these glands. This disorder is primarily seen in patients with chronic kidney failure.
A calcimimetic is a pharmaceutical drug that mimics the action of calcium on tissues, by allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor that is expressed in various human organ tissues. Calcimimetics are used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). [1] [2]
Paricalcitol (chemically it is 19-nor-1,25-(OH) 2-vitamin D 2.Marketed by Abbott Laboratories under the trade name Zemplar) is a drug used for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone) associated with chronic kidney failure.
Doxercalciferol (or 1-hydroxyergocalciferol, trade name Hectorol) is drug for secondary hyperparathyroidism and metabolic bone disease. [1] It is a synthetic analog of ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2). It suppresses parathyroid synthesis and secretion. [2] Doxercalciferol is the vitamin D 2 analogue of alfacalcidol. [3]
Another related condition is called secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT for short), which is common in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. In secondary HPT, the parathyroid glands make too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) because the kidneys have failed, and the calcium and phosphorus are out of balance.
Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. [1] [4] This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). [1]
Evocalcet (trade name Orkedia) is a drug for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism. [1] It acts as a calcium-sensing receptor agonist. [2] In 2018, it was approved in Japan for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis. [3]
Hyperparathyroidism occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women. Hyperparathyroidism can be caused by a tumor, or adenoma, in the parathyroid gland or by increased levels of parathyroid hormone due to hypocalcemia. [2] Approximately 10% of individuals with cancer experience hypercalcemia due to malignancy. [2]