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Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, along with numerous other biological functions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In humans, the most significant compounds within this group are vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol ) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ).
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D 2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food. It is used as a dietary supplement [ 3 ] to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency [ 4 ] due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease . [ 5 ]
Calcitriol was identified as the active form of vitamin D in 1971 and the drug was approved for medical use in the United States in 1978. [7] It is available as a generic medication . [ 12 ] In 2022, it was the 254th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Regardless of which definition is used, vitamin E deficiency is rare in humans, occurring as a consequence of abnormalities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism rather than from a diet low in vitamin E. [5] Cystic fibrosis and other fat malabsorption conditions can result in low serum vitamin E. [1] One example of a genetic abnormality in ...
Vitamin E is the collective name for a set of eight related tocopherols and tocotrienols, which are fat-soluble vitamins with antioxidant properties. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] Of these, α-tocopherol has been most studied as it has the highest bioavailability , with the body preferentially absorbing and metabolising this form.
What is vitamin K? “Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, so your body stores it in fat tissue and the liver,” Heather Viola, DO, Primary Care Physician at Mount Sinai Doctors-Ansonia, tells ...
Since vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) are fat-soluble, humans and other animals with a skeleton need to store some fat. Without fat, the animal will have a hard time absorbing vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 , and the lower the fat percentage, the greater the risk of vitamin deficiency, which is the case in some ...
The pharmacological definition cannot apply to these substances because utilization and absorption is a function of the nutritional status and physiological state of the subject, [10] resulting in even greater differences from individual to individual (inter-individual variation). Therefore, bioavailability for dietary supplements can be ...