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The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. [1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium . In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium , which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
The skull also contains sinuses, air-filled cavities known as paranasal sinuses, and numerous foramina. The sinuses are lined with respiratory epithelium. Their known functions are the lessening of the weight of the skull, the aiding of resonance to the voice and the warming and moistening of the air drawn into the nasal cavity.
Frontal sinus. Each frontal sinus is situated between the external and internal plates of the frontal bone. [1] [2] Their average measurements are as follows: height 28 mm, breadth 24 mm, depth 20 mm, creating a space of 6-7 ml. [3]
The, paranasal sinuses are joined to the nasal cavity via small orifices called ostia. These become blocked easily by allergic inflammation, or by swelling in the nasal lining that occurs with a cold. If this happens, normal drainage of mucus within the sinuses is disrupted, and sinusitis may occur. Because the maxillary posterior teeth are ...
the cranium (8 bones: frontal, 2-parietal, occipital, 2-temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid), and; the facial bones (14 bones: 2-zygomatic, 2-maxillary, 2-palatine, 2-nasal, 2-lacrimal, vomer, 2-inferior conchae, mandible). The occipital bone joins with the atlas near the foramen magnum, a large hole at the base of the skull. The atlas joins with the ...
The sphenoid bone is in red (directly in the middle of the orbital cavity) Wedge-shaped sphenoid bone seen laterally. It is divided into the following parts: a median portion, known as the body of sphenoid bone, containing the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland as well as the paired paranasal sinuses, the sphenoidal sinuses [5]
Most bones of the calvaria consist of internal and external tables or layers of compact bone, separated by diploë. The diploë is cancellous bone containing red bone marrow during life, through which run canals formed by diploic veins. The diploë in a dried calvaria is not red because the protein was removed during preparation of the cranium.
The maxilla is a paired bone - the two maxillae unite with each other at the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla consists of: [5] Inferior surface of maxilla. The body of the maxilla: pyramid-shaped; has an orbital, a nasal, an infratemporal, and a facial surface; contains the maxillary sinus. Four processes: the zygomatic process; the frontal ...