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Annuit cœptis (/ ˈ æ n u ɪ t ˈ s ɛ p t ɪ s /, Classical Latin: [ˈannʊ.ɪt ˈkoe̯ptiːs]) is one of two mottos on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States. The literal translation is "[He] favors (or "has favored") [our] undertakings", from Latin annuo ("I approve, I favor"), and coeptum ("commencement, undertaking").
Reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States. The phrase Novus ordo seclorum (English: / ˈ n oʊ v ə s ˈ ɔːr d oʊ s ɛ ˈ k l ɔːr əm /, Latin: [ˈnɔwʊs ˈoːrdoː seːˈkloːrũː]; "New order of the ages") is one of two Latin mottos on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States.
The seal contains three Latin phrases: E Pluribus Unum ("Out of many, one"), Annuit cœptis ("He has favored our undertakings"), and Novus ordo seclorum ("A new order of the ages"). Largely designed by Charles Thomson , secretary of the Continental Congress , and William Barton , and first used in 1782, the seal is used to authenticate certain ...
When designing the final version of the Great Seal, Thomson (a former Latin teacher) kept the pyramid and eye for the reverse side but replaced the two mottos, using Annuit Cœptis instead of Deo Favente (and Novus ordo seclorum instead of Perennis). When he provided his official explanation of the meaning of this motto, he wrote:
At the top [citation needed] of the seal stands a Latin phrase, "ANNUIT COEPTIS", meaning "He favors our undertaking." At the bottom of the seal is a semicircular banner proclaiming "NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM" meaning "New Order of the Ages" that is a reference to the new American era. To the left of this seal, a string of 13 pearls extends toward ...
The reverse of all of the medals has the motto taken from the Great Seal of the United States, "ANNUIT COEPTIS" ("He [God] has favored our undertakings") and the date "MDCCLXXXII" (1782), which is the date of America's first decoration, the Badge of Military Merit, now known as the Purple Heart. The ribbon design also follows the pattern of the ...
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More importantly, his translation of Annuit Coeptis as "our undertakings have been favored" does tremendous injustice to the fundamental conventions of Latin. Gunn takes Annuit, a third person singular present indicative (he nods, favors), and turns it into a past passive perfect ("have been favored").