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  2. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    [173] [166] While the kidney develops, the metanephrogenic blastema and ureteric bud reciprocally induce each other. [166] Growing into the mesoderm, the ureteric bud branches and transforms into a tree structure that will eventually become the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, renal papillae, and collecting ducts. [174]

  3. Renal pelvis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_pelvis

    [citation needed] A large "staghorn" kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis. The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis . Normally, the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis is less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards. [ 2 ]

  4. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.

  5. Anatomical terminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terminology

    The three anatomical planes of the body: the sagittal, transverse (or horizontal), frontal planes. Anatomy is often described in planes, referring to two-dimensional sections of the body. A section is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut. A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through ...

  6. Proximal tubule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximal_tubule

    The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle.At this location, the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) lining bowman’s capsule abruptly transition to proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs).

  7. Kidney (vertebrates) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_(vertebrates)

    The kidney takes a key role in maintenance of the constant internal environment. The relative ionic composition of the extracellular fluid is similar between marine fish and all subsequent species. Therefore, it can be said that the kidneys made it possible to preserve approximately the same composition of extracellular fluid in vertebrates as ...

  8. Loop of Henle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle

    Increases in vasa recta flow wash away metabolites and cause the medulla to lose osmolarity as well. Increases in flow will disrupt the kidney's ability to form concentrated urine. [3] Overall the loop of Henle reabsorbs around 25% of filtered ions and 20% of the filtered water in a normal kidney. These ions are mostly Na +, Cl −, K +, Ca 2 ...

  9. Renal capsule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_capsule

    The renal capsule surrounds the functional tissue of the kidney, and is itself surrounded by a fatty adipose capsule, fascia, and fat. From the inner part of the kidney to outside the kidney, the positioning of the capsule is: renal medulla; renal cortex; renal capsule; adipose capsule of kidney (or perirenal fat, or perinephric fat) renal fascia