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Maximum speed for stability characteristics. [7] [9] V FE: Maximum flap extended speed. [7] [8] [9] V FTO: Final takeoff speed. [7] V H: Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power. [7] [8] [9] V LE: Maximum landing gear extended speed. This is the maximum speed at which a retractable gear aircraft should be flown with the landing ...
Both Tu-116 and Tu-142 claim higher maximum speeds. 5 February 1952: Flight Lieutenant Edward Powles: 690: 1,110.447: Supermarine Spitfire PR.XIX PS852: Reached (Mach 0.96) during an emergency dive while carrying out spying flights over China, the highest speed ever recorded for a piston-engined aircraft (though not in level flight). [68] 14 ...
Table II-5-1-2 Aircraft approach categories do not change during day-to-day operation. To change an aircraft's category, an aircraft must be re-certified with a different maximum landing mass. [1]: II-5-1-3 Pilots may not use a lower category than the one certified, but may choose to use a higher category for higher speed approaches. [2]
At a glance, the pilot can determine a recommended speed (V speeds) or if speed adjustments are needed. Single and multi-engine aircraft have common markings. For instance, the green arc indicates the normal operating range of the aircraft, from V S1 to V NO. The white arc indicates the flap operating range, V SO to V FE, used for approaches ...
These curves typically intersect at some altitude higher than the maximum permitted altitude for the aircraft. This intersection is the coffin corner, or more formally the Q corner. [3] The above explanation is based on level, constant speed, flight with a given gross weight and load factor of 1.0 G. The specific altitudes and speeds of the ...
The concept of maximum operating maneuvering speed was introduced to the US type-certification standards for light aircraft in 1993. [1] [6] The maximum operating maneuvering speed is selected by the aircraft designer and cannot be more than , where V s is the stalling speed of the aircraft, and n is the maximal allowed positive load factor.
General aviation aircraft have very small flight envelopes, with speeds ranging from perhaps 50 to 200 mph, whereas the extra power available to modern fighter aircraft result in huge flight envelopes with many times the area. As a trade-off however, military aircraft often have a higher stalling speed.
Airspeed is commonly given in knots (kn). Since 2010, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends using kilometers per hour (km/h) for airspeed (and meters per second for wind speed on runways), but allows using the de facto standard of knots, and has no set date on when to stop.