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Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. [1] Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. [1] It is the second-most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma. [6]
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. [2] The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. [2] This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. [2]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. [2] It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. [1] There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. [1] It is caused by fungal organisms such as Fusarium, Aspergillus or Candida.
Onchocerca volvulus causes onchocerciasis, which causes severe itching. Long-term infection can cause keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea in the eye, and ultimately leads to blindness. [9] Symptoms are caused by the microfilariae and the immune response to infection, rather than the adults themselves.
The symptoms classically attributed to AK include decreased or blurred vision, sensitivity to light (photophobia), redness of the eye (conjunctival hyperemia), and pain out of proportion to physical exam findings. [15] [7] Another clinical feature that can distinguish Acanthamoeba from bacterial causes of keratitis is a lack of discharge from ...
Loa loa is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that causes Loa loa filariasis. Loa loa actually means "worm worm", but is commonly known as the "eye worm", as it localizes to the conjunctiva of the eye. Loa loa is commonly found in Africa. [2] [page needed] It mainly inhabits rain forests in West Africa and has native origins in ...
Cytomegalovirus retinitis, also known as CMV retinitis, is an inflammation of the retina of the eye that can lead to blindness. [1] Caused by human cytomegalovirus , it occurs predominantly in people whose immune system has been compromised, including 15-40% of those with AIDS.