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  2. Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_government_award...

    Applicants must be of P.R. China nationality, including citizenship of the Special Administrative Region of China - Hong Kong [7] [8] and Macao. Applicants must not have received any financial support from the Chinese government, such as the CSC scholarship, during their studies. Applicants must not have received this award previously.

  3. Imperial examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_examination

    The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...

  4. Civil service entrance examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service_entrance...

    They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system for recruiting prospective politicians and public sector employees. The most ancient example of such exams were the imperial examinations of ancient China. [1] [2] [3]

  5. Merit system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_system

    Rank was determined by merit, through the civil service examinations, and education became the key for social mobility. [2] After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine-rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period. The concept of a merit system spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental ...

  6. Mandarin (bureaucrat) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)

    The English term comes from the Portuguese mandarim (spelled in Old Portuguese as mandarin, pronounced [ˌmɐ̃dɐˈɾĩ]).The Portuguese word was used in one of the earliest Portuguese reports about China: letters from the imprisoned survivors of the Tomé Pires embassy, most likely written in 1524, [1] and in Castanheda's História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos portugueses (c ...

  7. Academic grading in China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_China

    Some US universities also provide guidance for converting different grading systems into 4.0 scale grading. For example, UC Berkeley has a GPA Conversion chart for non-US grading systems. [4] The lower grade ranges in 0-100 scale are given higher grades than usual in 4.0 scale for Chinese grading systems.

  8. Imperial examination in Chinese mythology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_examination_in...

    The system of testing was designed according to the principle of a society ruled by men of merit, and to achieve this by objectively measuring knowledge and intelligence of vatious candidates. However, in actual operation, the system also had aspects of religious and irrational beliefs more complex than this (Yang, C. K., 265–266).

  9. Orders, decorations, and medals of China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and...

    These five highest orders of honour in China form the core of its newly established system for merit and honour. The first August 1 Medal and the Friendship Medal were conferred on 28 July 2017 and 8 June 2018 respectively, the Republic Medal and the National Medal of Honour on 29 September 2019, and the July 1 Medal on 29 June 2021.