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The thicker window films known as safety and security window film are designed to perform under extreme conditions, and as such there are specific standard criteria these films should meet, such as American standards ANSI Z.97, CPSC 16 CFR 1201, Cat II (400 ft-lb), and the British Standards BS 6206 (Class A, B, C).
Crystalline coatings (or crystalline mirrors [1]) are a type of thin-film optical interference coating that is made by merging monocrystalline multilayers deposited via processes such as molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) with microfabrication techniques including direct bonding and selective etching.
These were acquired by 3M Company in 1957. [6] But 3M discontinued manufacturing of Kel-F by 1996. PCTFE resin is now manufactured in different trade names such as Neoflon PCTFE from Daikin, Voltalef from Arkema or Aclon from Honeywell. PCTFE films are sold under the tradename Aclar by Honeywell. [8]
Parylene N and C have a low degree of crystallinity; however, parylene VT-4 and AF-4 are highly crystalline ~60% in their as-deposited condition (hexagonal crystal structure) and therefore are generally not suitable as optical materials. Parylene C will become more crystalline if heated at elevated temperatures until its melting point at 270 °C.
Other brandnames are Neoflon FEP from Daikin or Dyneon FEP from Dyneon/3M. FEP is very similar in composition to the fluoropolymers PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and PFA (perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin). FEP and PFA both share PTFE's useful properties of low friction and non-reactivity, but are more easily formable. FEP is a t to sunlight. [3] [4]
In 2008, 3M created the Renewable Energy Division within 3M's Industrial and Transportation Business to focus on Energy Generation and Energy Management. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] In late 2010, the state of Minnesota sued 3M for $5 billion in punitive damages, claiming they released PFCs —classified a toxic chemical by the EPA—into local waterways. [ 87 ]
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