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A major effort to support communist party activity in Western democracies, especially the Italian Communist Party and the French Communist Party, fell short of gaining positions in the government. The Late Cold War (1960–1970s) in which China turned against the Soviet Union and organized alternative communist parties in many countries.
Parties participating in the event. In 1960 an International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties was held in Moscow.It was preceded by a conference of 12 Communist and Workers Parties of Socialist countries held in Moscow November 1957 [1] and the Bucharest Conference of Representatives of Communist and Workers Parties in June 1960. [2]
Khrushchev anxiously awaited the results of the 1960 United States presidential election, preferring Kennedy to Richard Nixon, whom he took as a hardline anti-communist cold warrior, and openly celebrated the former's victory on November 8. In truth however, Khrushchev's opinion of Kennedy was mixed.
Members acted in optimism, and believed a policy of stabilization would prove to the world, according to Robert Service, the "superiority of communism". [29] The Soviet leadership was not entirely opposed to reform, even if the reform movement had been weakened in the aftermath of the Prague Spring in the Czechoslovakia . [ 29 ]
The Congo Crisis in 1960 drew Cold War battle lines in Africa, as the Democratic Republic of the Congo became a Soviet ally, causing concern in the West. [3] However, by the early 1960s, the Cold War reached its most dangerous point with the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, as the world stood on the brink of nuclear war.
A communist era is a sustained period of national government by a single party following the philosophy of Marxism–Leninism. Many countries have experienced such a period of communist rule . Current communist states
The press in the communist period was an organ of the state, completely reliant on and subservient to the communist party. [104] Before the late 1980s, Eastern Bloc radio and television organizations were state-owned, while print media was usually owned by political organizations, mostly by the local communist party. [ 105 ]
During this period of the late 1950s and early 1960s, the USSR continued to realize scientific and technological exploits in the Space Race, rivaling the United States: launching the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1 in 1957; a living dog named Laika in 1957; the first human being, Yuri Gagarin in 1961; the first woman in space, Valentina ...