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Ovarian cysts may be classified according to whether they are a variant of the normal menstrual cycle, referred to as a functional or follicular cyst. [6] Ovarian cysts are considered large when they are over 5 cm and giant when they are over 15 cm. In children, ovarian cysts reaching above the level of the umbilicus are considered giant.
Culdocentesis will differentiate hemoperitoneum (ruptured ectopic pregnancy or hemorrhagic cyst) from pelvic sepsis (salpingitis, ruptured pelvic abscess, or ruptured appendix). [28] Pelvic and vaginal ultrasounds are helpful in the diagnosis of PID. In the early stages of infection, the ultrasound may appear normal.
Trehan's temporary ovarian suspension, a technique in which the ovaries are suspended for a week after surgery, may be used to reduce the incidence of adhesions after endometriosis surgery. [ 144 ] [ 145 ] Removal of cysts on the ovary without removing the ovary is a safe procedure.
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A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is one of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and can be life-threatening if the abscess ruptures and results in sepsis. It consists of an encapsulated or confined pocket of pus with defined boundaries that forms during an infection of a fallopian tube and ovary .
Cysts that grow abnormally large, as Smith's did, can cause "pressure or pain" — and can lead to other complications, because they can bleed or rupture, exacerbating the pain.
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Ovarian cysts—the ovary produces a large, painful cyst, which may rupture. Asherman's syndrome (AS) is an acquired uterine condition that occurs when scar tissue form inside the uterus and/or the cervix. Ovarian torsion—the ovary is twisted in a way that interferes with its blood supply. (pain on one side only)