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Vitamin B 12 deficiency can be extremely serious and lead to megaloblastic anemia, nerve degeneration and irreversible neurological damage. [7] Vegetarians may get vitamin B 12 from eggs and dairy products (milk, cheese, etc.); [8] for some, this is adequate, while others may still remain B 12-deficient. [1]
Vitamin B 12 deficiency is potentially extremely serious, leading to megaloblastic anemia (an undersupply of oxygen due to malformed red blood cells), [71] nerve degeneration and irreversible neurological damage. [72] Cases of severe vitamin B 12 deficiency have been reported in vegan adults, children [73] infants and toddlers. [74]
As foods vary by brands and stores, the figures should only be considered estimates, with more exact figures often included on product labels. For precise details about vitamins and mineral contents, the USDA source can be used. [1] To use the tables, click on "show" or "hide" at the far right for each food category.
The cause may be a poor diet, impaired uptake of the minerals that are consumed, or a dysfunction in the organism's use of the mineral after it is absorbed. These deficiencies can result in many disorders including anemia and goitre. Examples of mineral deficiency include, zinc deficiency, iron deficiency, and magnesium deficiency.
Nutritional anemia can be caused by a lack of iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals that are needed for the formation of hemoglobin. However, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder. [7] Signs of anemia include cyanosis, jaundice, and easy bruising. [7]
Micronutrient undernutrition results from insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals. [26] Worldwide, deficiencies in iodine, Vitamin A, and iron are the most common. Children and pregnant women in low-income countries are at especially high risk for micronutrient deficiencies. [26] [50] Anemia is most commonly caused by iron deficiency, but ...
Vitamin deficiencies may result in disease conditions: goiter, scurvy, osteoporosis, impaired immune system, disorders of cell metabolism, certain forms of cancer, symptoms of premature aging, and poor psychological health (including eating disorders), among many others. [81] Excess levels of some vitamins are also dangerous to health.
Eyes can be itchy, watery, bloodshot and sensitive to light. Riboflavin deficiency also causes anemia with red blood cells that are normal in size and hemoglobin content, but reduced in number. This is distinct from anemia caused by deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B 12. [21] [22]