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The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici and French: Pauvres Chevaliers du Christ et du Temple de Salomon) are also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, and mainly the Knights Templar (French: Les Chevaliers Templiers), or simply the Templars (French: Les Templiers).
The Knights Templar were an elite fighting force of their day, highly trained, well-equipped, and highly motivated; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle, unless outnumbered three to one, and even then only by order of their commander, or if the Templar flag went down.
The Knights Templar, full name The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, is a fraternal order affiliated with Freemasonry.
(the same authors identify one of the 9 founders of the Knights Templar, the Knight Gondemare, as having Portuguese origin – possibly from medieval Gundemar; also spelled Gundemari or Gondemare, present-day Gondomar, in the County of Portugal)) [14] King Afonso I of Portugal, Templar Brother (13.03.1129); First King of Portugal (1139–1185)
The Grand Masters of the Knights Templar during the later 12th and the 13th century used a double-sided seal which showed a representation of The Dome of the Rock (or a circular dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre) on one side, and the Order's symbol of two knights on one horse on the other side.
Before 1910, it was known as the Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ, [b] and the Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ. [ c ] It was founded in 1319, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] with the protection of King Denis of Portugal , after the Templars were abolished on 22 March 1312 by the papal bull , Vox in excelso , issued by Pope Clement V .
The symbol is also associated with Freemasonry, specifically the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite of Freemasonry. The symbol is also known as "Knight Templars Blood-Red Passion Cross and Crown". The cross and crown symbol is often surrounded by the phrase "In Hoc Signo Vinces", which is Latin for "By this sign thou shalt conquer".
It is the official motto of the Knights Templar in the American York Rite of Freemasonry. It was the motto of the Ancient and Illustrious Order Knights Of Malta, a Protestant fraternal society; It is the motto of the Regimiento de Caballería «Montesa» n.º 3 of the Spanish Army.