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The smelling salts release ammonia (NH 3) gas, which triggers an inhalation reflex. It causes the muscles that control breathing to work faster by irritating the mucous membranes of the nose and lungs. [7] Fainting can be caused by excessive parasympathetic and vagal activity that slows the heart and decreases perfusion of the brain. [14]
Ammonia is generally used in household cleaning products, as well as on farms and in some industrial and commercial locations, and this makes it easy for accidental or deliberate exposure to occur. [15] [16] [17] Ammonia interacts with moist surfaces to form ammonium hydroxide, which causes necrosis of tissues. Exposure to high concentrations ...
Smothering is a mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the mouth and/or nostrils, for instance, by covering the mouth and nose with a hand, pillow, or a plastic bag. [6] Smothering can be either partial or complete, where partial indicates that the person being smothered is able to inhale some air, although less ...
During such emergencies it's important to keep your fridge and freezer closed to hold temperature and to discard the food contained therein if the fridge has been off for too long.
Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract. [1] This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure, as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation.
Inhale slowly while counting to four, hold your breath for a count of four, exhale slowly through your mouth for a count of four. Repeat up to 10 breaths or until you feel centered."
Particularly common in children, foreign-body aspiration occurs when an object is inhaled from the mouth into the airway. Objects commonly include food, coins, toys and balloons. [9] Age and developmental delays are therefore also considered risk factors for aspiration.
Hyperventilation is irregular breathing that occurs when the rate or tidal volume of breathing eliminates more carbon dioxide than the body can produce. [1] [2] [3] This leads to hypocapnia, a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood.