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Serial computer buses have become more common even at shorter distances, as improved signal integrity and transmission speeds in newer serial technologies have begun to outweigh the parallel bus's advantage of simplicity (no need for serializer and deserializer, or SerDes) and to outstrip its disadvantages (clock skew, interconnect density).
Parallel versus serial communication In data transmission , parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits ( bits ) simultaneously using multiple conductors. This contrasts with serial communication , which conveys only a single bit at a time; this distinction is one way of characterizing a communications link .
Parallel resistance is illustrated by the circulatory system. Each organ is supplied by an artery that branches off the aorta. The total resistance of this parallel arrangement is expressed by the following equation: 1/R total = 1/R a + 1/R b + ... + 1/R n. R a, R b, and R n are the resistances of the renal, hepatic, and other arteries ...
Practically all parallel communications protocols use synchronous transmission. For example, in a computer, address information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read or write strobes of the control bus. Single-wire synchronous signalling
At the destination, a second UART re-assembles the bits into complete bytes. Each UART contains a shift register, which is the fundamental method of conversion between serial and parallel forms. Serial transmission of digital information (bits) through a single wire or other medium is less costly than parallel transmission through multiple wires.
Serial computers require much less hardware than their bit-parallel counterparts [1] which exploit bit-level parallelism to do more computation per clock cycle. There are modern variants of the serial computer available as a soft microprocessor [ 2 ] which can serve niche purposes where size of the CPU is the main constraint.
All digital computers built before 1951, and most of the early massive parallel processing machines used a bit-serial architecture—they were serial computers. Bit-serial architectures were developed for digital signal processing in the 1960s through 1980s, including efficient structures for bit-serial multiplication and accumulation.
Serial ports use two-level (binary) signaling, so the data rate in bits per second is equal to the symbol rate in baud. The total speed includes bits for framing (stop bits, parity, etc.) and so the effective data rate is lower than the bit transmission rate.