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The Constitution of Bangladesh [a] is the supreme law of Bangladesh. Adopted by the 'controversial' [1] [2] [3] and virtually "one-party" [4] Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh on 4 November 1972, it came into effect on 16 December 1972. The Constitution establishes Bangladesh as a unitary parliamentary republic.
The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1996 (28 March) introduced a non-party Caretaker Government (CtG) system which, acting as an interim government, would give all possible aid and assistance to the Election Commission for holding the general election. It was declared illegal on 10 May 2011 by the Appellate Division of Supreme Court.
After article 7 it inserted articles 7(a) and 7(b) in a bid to end take over of power through extra-constitutional means. Section 7(b) declared the basic provisions of the constitution "non-amendable". Added provision for the protection and improvement of the environment and biodiversity.
Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments. [1] The current parliamentary system was adopted in 1991 and is based on the Westminster system. Between 1975 and 1990, the nation experienced military rule.
In 2012, the constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government respects these prohibitions in practice. [9] In 2002 the government of Ghana censored Internet media coverage of tribal violence in Northern Ghana. [10] In 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom. [11]
The constitution of Bangladesh allows the President to appoint the Chief Justice of Bangladesh after receiving advice from the Prime Minister. Concerns of politically motivated court cases have continually emerged, and concerns regarding the politically appointed judiciary favouring the concurrent government is a contested debate in Bangladesh.
The Constitution of Ghana is the supreme law of the Republic of Ghana.It was approved on 28 April 1992 through a national referendum after 92% support. [1] [2] It defines the fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties of the government, structure of the judiciary and legislature, and spells out the fundamental rights and duties of citizens.
The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh ratified and confirmed all proclamations, orders, regulations and laws, and amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions made in the constitution during the period between 15 August 1975 and 9 April 1979 (both days inclusive) by the authorities when the country was under martial law.