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Superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the skin in nearly all of the regions of the body, that blends with the reticular dermis layer. [13] It is present on the face , over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid , at the nape of the neck and overlying the breastbone . [ 14 ]
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, [2] is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. [3] The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages.
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin, and it is very similar to pig skin.
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The membranous layer or stratum membranosum is the deepest layer of subcutaneous tissue.The basement membrane separates the membranous layer from the dermis. It is a fusion of fibres into a homogeneous layer below the adipose tissue, for example, superficial to muscular fascias.
Anteromedially, it blends with the epimysium of some facial muscles; [3] a link between facial muscles and the skin of the face is thereby established, enabling facial expression. [2]: 429 Over the parotid gland, the SMAS is firmly united with the superficial layer of parotid fascia. [4]
Scarpa's belief that the fascia stops hernias from forming is not thought to be true today. Some anatomists suggest the membranous superficial fascia is the scaffold which attaches the skin to the deeper structures so that the skin does not sag with gravity but still stretches as the body flexes or changes shape with exercise. [4]
The method is based on a biomechanical model which lays an emphasis on the significant role of fascia, particularly deep muscular fascia in treating musculoskeletal disorders, and internal organ disfunction. The fascial system consists of a three-dimensional continuum of soft, collagen-containing, loose and dense fibrous connective tissues that ...