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Harold Kelley's covariation model (1967, 1971, 1972, 1973) [1] is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way. It is concerned with both social perception and self-perception (Kelley, 1973).
Harold Kelley (February 16, 1921 – January 29, 2003) was an American social psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles.His major contributions have been the development of interdependence theory (with John Thibaut), [1] [2] the early work of attribution theory, [3] and a lifelong interest in understanding close relationships processes.
Attribution theory is the original parent theory with Harold Kelley's covariation model and Bernard Weiner's three-dimensional model branching from Attribution theory. Attribution theory also influenced several other theories as well such as Heider's Perceived Locus of Causality which eventually led to Deci and Ryan's Theory of Self-determination.
Kelley's covariation model also led to the acknowledgment of attribution biases. [11] The model explained the conditions under which people will make informed dispositional versus situational attributions. But, it assumed that people had access to such information (i.e., the consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness of a person's behavior).
Attribution theory – is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behaviour of others. The theory divides the way people attribute causes to events into two types. External or "situational" attributions assign causality to an outside factor, such as the weather.
Kelley's attribution theory included the interaction between three variables: consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. [4] This interaction was summarized in Kelley's Covariation model, also known as Kelley's cube. Consistency refers to whether the person exhibit the behavior across time.
A large body of research literature has evolved focusing on the interplay of self-awareness, causal attribution, and action. [5] Researchers have focused on how individuals perceive how involved they are in the cause of events leading to either success or failure.
Attributions for poverty is a theory concerned with what people believe about the causes of poverty.These beliefs are defined in terms of attribution theory, which is a social psychological perspective on how people make causal explanations about events in the world. [1]