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The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Varolius"), after the Italian anatomist and surgeon Costanzo Varolio (1543–75). [1] This region of the brainstem includes neural pathways and tracts that conduct signals from the brain down to the cerebellum and medulla, and tracts that carry the sensory signals up into the thalamus .
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs.Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck, including the special senses of vision, taste, smell, and hearing.
Sometimes: cranial accessory, spinal accessory. Mainly motor Cranial and Spinal Roots Located in the jugular foramen. Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and overlaps with functions of the vagus nerve (CN X). Symptoms of damage: inability to shrug, weak head movement. XII Hypoglossal: Mainly motor Medulla
Cranial nerve 8, the vestibulocochlear nerve, goes to the middle portion of the brainstem called the pons (which then is largely composed of fibers going to the cerebellum). The 8th cranial nerve runs between the base of the pons and medulla oblongata (the lower portion of the brainstem).
The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and into the upper cervical spinal cord. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): The mesencephalic nucleus; The principal sensory nucleus
The pontine nuclei are located within the basilar pons. Also nearby are the raphe nuclei and the locus coeruleus, nuclei of cranial nerves 9-12, and the dorsal respiratory group, which are located further caudally in the brainstem. The dorsal respiratory group are connected to the pneumotaxic and apneustic centres of the pontine tegmentum.
It also provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Ten pairs of cranial nerves come from the brainstem. [5] Other roles include the regulation of the central nervous system and the body's sleep cycle. [4] It is also of prime importance in the conveyance of motor and sensory pathways from the ...
It is situated at the cerebellopontine angle – the lateral angle between the cerebellum and the pons. It contains: The seventh (VII) and eighth (VIII) cranial nerves; The anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA) The fifth (V) cranial nerve and the petrosal vein; Quadrigeminal cistern - It is situated dorsal to the midbrain. Thin, sheet-like ...