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The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. After the ABO blood group system, it is most likely to be involved in transfusion reactions. The Rh blood group system consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens [1] in 2005.
Mothers who are Rh negative (A−, B−, AB−, or O− blood types) and have anti-D antibodies (found on the antibody screen) need to determine the fetus's Rh antigen. If the fetus is also Rh negative (A−, B−, AB−, or O− blood types) then the pregnancy can be managed like any other pregnancy. The anti-D antibodies are only dangerous to ...
If a D-negative patient has developed anti-D antibodies, a subsequent exposure to D-positive blood would lead to a potentially dangerous transfusion reaction. Rh D-positive blood should never be given to D-negative women of child-bearing age or to patients with D antibodies, so blood banks must conserve Rh-negative blood for these patients.
Rh factor is a type of protein on the surface of red blood cells. Rh-negative blood is not something that typically is an issue, except during pregnancy if the baby’s blood is Rh-positive.
Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.
James Christopher Harrison OAM (27 December 1936 – 17 February 2025) was an Australian blood plasma donor whose plasma contained antibodies that made it valuable for treatment against Rh disease. Known as the " Man with the Golden Arm ", he donated 1,173 times from age 18 to 81, making his final donation on 11 May 2018.
Harrison’s plasma contained a rare antibody, known as anti-D, which is used to make injections that protect unborn babies from hemolytic disease of the newborn, in which a pregnant woman’s immune system attacks her fetus’ red blood cells. The disease is most common when a woman has an Rh negative blood type and her baby’s is Rh positive.
Banked blood during the blood transfusion process As the person receives their blood transfusion, the bag slowly empties, leaving behind blood that has clotted before it could be administered. Historically, red blood cell transfusion was considered when the hemoglobin level fell below 100g/L or hematocrit fell below 30%.