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  2. Emotional approach coping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_approach_coping

    Emotional approach coping is a psychological construct that involves the use of emotional processing and emotional expression in response to a stressful situation. [1] [2] As opposed to emotional avoidance, in which emotions are experienced as a negative, undesired reaction to a stressful situation, emotional approach coping involves the conscious use of emotional expression and processing to ...

  3. Coping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping

    The psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed coping strategies or coping skills. The term coping generally refers to adaptive (constructive) coping strategies, that is, strategies which reduce stress. In contrast, other coping strategies may be coined as maladaptive, if they increase stress.

  4. Avoidance coping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoidance_coping

    Avoidance coping is measured via a self-reported questionnaire. Initially, the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was used, which is a 62-item questionnaire that assesses experiential avoidance, and thus avoidance coping, by measuring how many avoidant behaviors a person exhibits and how strongly they agree with each statement on a scale of 1–6. [1]

  5. Stress management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_management

    Stress measurement in aviation seeks to quantify the psychological stress experienced by aviators, with the goal of making needed improvements to aviators' coping and stress management skills. [51] To more precisely measure stress, aviators' many responsibilities are broken down into "workloads."

  6. Protection motivation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_Motivation_Theory

    The coping appraisal process focuses on the adaptive responses and one's ability to cope with and avert the threat. The coping appraisal is the sum of the appraisals of the responses efficacy and self-efficacy, minus any physical or psychological "costs" of adopting the recommended preventive response.

  7. Test anxiety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_anxiety

    Medication is not recommended to treat test anxiety; instead, standard suggestions include sleep, proper nutrition, exercise, meditation, studying without stress, and enacting habits to reduce stress during the test. [52] [53] Test anxiety remains a challenge for students and has considerable physiological and psychological impacts. The routine ...

  8. Free response question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_response_question

    Free response tests are a relatively effective test of higher-level reasoning, as the format requires test-takers to provide more of their reasoning in the answer than multiple choice questions. [4] Students, however, report higher levels of anxiety when taking essay questions as compared to short-response or multiple choice exams.

  9. Holmes and Rahe stress scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmes_and_Rahe_stress_scale

    The Holmes and Rahe stress scale (/ r eɪ /), [1] also known as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, is a list of 43 stressful life events that can contribute to illness. The test works via a point accumulation score which then gives an assessment of risk.