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Organophosphates are best known for their use as pesticides. Like most functional groups, organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, [2] with important examples including key biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP, as well as many insecticides, herbicides, nerve agents and flame retardants.
A variety of mixed amido-alkoxo derivatives are known, one medically significant example being the anti-cancer drug cyclophosphamide. Also derivatives containing the thiophosphoryl group (P=S) include the pesticide malathion. The organophosphates prepared on the largest scale are the zinc dithiophosphates, as additives for
Because OP pesticides degrade quickly when exposed to air and light, they have been considered relatively safe to consumers. [20] However, OP residues may linger on fruits and vegetables. [21] Certain OP pesticides have been banned for use on some crops, For example, methyl parathion is banned from use on some crops and permitted on others. [22]
Pesticides are used in an estimated 200,000+ suicides annually with tens of thousands due to chlorpyrifos. Organophosphates are thought to constitute two-thirds of ingested pesticides in rural Asia. Chlorpyrifos is among the commonly used pesticides used for self-harm. [36] [37] [38]
Malathion is a pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, residential landscaping, public recreation areas, and in public health pest control programs such as mosquito eradication. [5] In the US, it is the most commonly used organophosphate insecticide.
Organophosphates have a cumulative toxic effect to wildlife, so multiple exposures to the chemicals amplifies the toxicity. [19] In the US, organophosphate use declined with the rise of substitutes. [20] Many of these insecticides, first developed in the mid 20th century, are very poisonous. [21] Many organophosphates do not persist in the ...
Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide.It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, so its use has been banned or restricted in most countries.
Cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, also known as organophosphates, carbamates, and anticholinesterases, are most commonly reported in occupationally related pesticide poisonings globally. [22] Besides acute symptoms including cholinergic crisis , certain organophosphates have long been known to cause a delayed-onset toxicity to nerve cells ...
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