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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Pronunciation ⓘ) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes Panama disease of banana (Musa spp.), also known as Fusarium wilt.The fungi and the related disease are responsible for widespread pressure on banana growing regions, destroying the economic viability of several commercially important banana varieties.
The Gros Michel banana was the dominant cultivar of bananas, and Fusarium wilt inflicted enormous costs and forced producers to switch to other, disease-resistant cultivars. Since the 2010s, a new outbreak of Panama disease caused by the strain Tropical Race 4 (TR4) has threatened the production of the Cavendish banana, today's most popular ...
"Segmented Banana" Chilling injury to fruit One of the less common plantain diseases is exostentialis clittellus referred to by most plantain and banana farmers as "segmented banana". This is a result of the peel forming tiny inter-fruit membranes which cause the banana to appear as though it has been sliced before it is peeled.
Banana plants are among the largest extant herbaceous plants, some reaching up to 9 m (30 ft) in height or 18 m (59 ft) in the case of Musa ingens.The large herb is composed of a modified underground stem (), a false trunk or pseudostem formed by the basal parts of tightly rolled leaves, a network of roots, and a large flower spike.
Radopholus similis is a species of nematode known commonly as the burrowing nematode. [1] It is a parasite of plants, and it is a pest of many agricultural crops. It is an especially important pest of bananas, and it can be found on coconut, avocado, coffee, sugarcane, other grasses, and ornamentals.
Left to right: plantains, Red, Latundan, and Cavendish bananas The following is a list of banana cultivars and the groups into which they are classified. Almost all modern cultivated varieties of edible bananas and plantains are hybrids and polyploids of two wild, seeded banana species, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana.
The above-ground part of the plant is a "false stem" or pseudostem, consisting of leaves and their fused bases. Each pseudostem can produce a single flowering stem. After fruiting, the pseudostem dies, but offshoots may develop from the base of the plant. Cultivars of banana are usually sterile, without seeds or viable pollen. [4]
Plants in the Mariana islands of Guam and Rota are now considered to be a separate species, Tabernaemontana rotensis. [8] [better source needed] It is found in a wide variety of habitats, particularly in drier areas. [6] The species is also reportedly naturalized in the Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago and Panama. [7]