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  2. Marsaglia polar method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsaglia_polar_method

    The Marsaglia polar method [1] is a pseudo-random number sampling method for generating a pair of independent standard normal random variables. [2]Standard normal random variables are frequently used in computer science, computational statistics, and in particular, in applications of the Monte Carlo method.

  3. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a special case when μ = 0 {\textstyle \mu =0} and σ 2 = 1 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}=1} , and it is described by this probability density function (or density): φ ( z ) = e − z 2 2 2 π . {\displaystyle \varphi (z ...

  4. Probit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probit

    Plot of probit function. In probability theory and statistics, the probit function is the quantile function associated with the standard normal distribution.It has applications in data analysis and machine learning, in particular exploratory statistical graphics and specialized regression modeling of binary response variables.

  5. Q-function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-function

    In statistics, the Q-function is the tail distribution function of the standard normal distribution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In other words, Q ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)} is the probability that a normal (Gaussian) random variable will obtain a value larger than x {\displaystyle x} standard deviations.

  6. List of probability distributions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_probability...

    The skew normal distribution; Student's t-distribution, useful for estimating unknown means of Gaussian populations. The noncentral t-distribution; The skew t distribution; The Champernowne distribution; The type-1 Gumbel distribution; The Tracy–Widom distribution; The Voigt distribution, or Voigt profile, is the convolution of a normal ...

  7. Truncated normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated_normal_distribution

    In probability and statistics, the truncated normal distribution is the probability distribution derived from that of a normally distributed random variable by bounding the random variable from either below or above (or both). The truncated normal distribution has wide applications in statistics and econometrics.

  8. From Gen Z to Boomers: How much money each generation ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/gen-z-boomers-much-money-204351068.html

    Americans in all age brackets are making far less money than they think they need to be successful, according to new research. A "Secret to Success" study published Tuesday by Empower, a financial ...

  9. Inverse transform sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_transform_sampling

    Inverse transform sampling (also known as inversion sampling, the inverse probability integral transform, the inverse transformation method, or the Smirnov transform) is a basic method for pseudo-random number sampling, i.e., for generating sample numbers at random from any probability distribution given its cumulative distribution function.