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Iran, with its standard-gauge rail system, has a break of gauge with 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in) gauge at the borders with Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, and also with Pakistan's 5 ft 6 in gauge railway at Zahedan. The break-of-gauge station at Zahedan was built outside the city, as the existing station was hemmed in by built-up areas. [22]
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
If the difference between the two gauges is large enough – for example between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) – three-rail dual-gauge is possible, but if not – for example between 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) metre gauge – four rails must be used. Dual-gauge rail lines ...
Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company (Newport and Pontypool Railway) 1,333 mm 4 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in: England Belvoir Castle tramway [87] 1,350 mm 4 ft 5 + 5 ⁄ 32 in: Brazil Santos tramways (closed 1971) [88] and later Santos heritage tramways (1984–86 and 2000–present) [89] 1,372 mm 4 ft 6 in: See 4 ft 6 in gauge railway: 1,384 mm 4 ft 6 ...
While China and Europe are connected by rail, and while both are mainly 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in), the intervening Central Asia Railways are 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in) gauge. There are discussions about facilitating an eventual linkage of the Chinese and European standard gauge system.
Variable gauge axles were used for a while on the Grand Trunk Railway in the 1860s in Canada to connect 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) and 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge without transshipment. Five hundred vehicles were fitted with "adjustable gauge trucks" but following heavy day-in, day-out use the system proved unsatisfactory ...
Opening in 1825, the initial gauge of 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) was set to accommodate the existing gauge of hundreds of horse-drawn chaldron wagons [14] that were already in use on the wagonways in the mines. The railway used this gauge for 15 years before a change was made, debuting around 1850, to the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauge.
In 1944, the LMS re-gauged a pair of "Jinty" 0-6-0 tank locomotives – originally built to UK 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge – for use on its 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge Northern Counties Committee (NCC) lines in Northern Ireland; re-designated as Class Y, they largely undertook shunting work on dockyard lines in Belfast. The ...