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  2. Glottalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalization

    This is common in some varieties of English, RP included; /t/ and /tʃ/ are the most affected but /p/ and /k/ also regularly show pre-glottalization. [6] In the English dialects exhibiting pre-glottalization, the consonants in question are usually glottalized in the coda position: "what" [ˈwɒʔt], "fiction" [ˈfɪʔkʃən], "milkman ...

  3. T-glottalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-glottalization

    In English phonology, t-glottalization or t-glottalling is a sound change in certain English dialects and accents, particularly in the United Kingdom, that causes the phoneme / t / to be pronounced as the glottal stop [] ⓘ in certain positions.

  4. Phonological history of English consonants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    In Early Middle English, partly by borrowings from French, they split into separate phonemes: /f, v, θ, ð, s, z/. See Middle English phonology – Voiced fricatives. Also in the Middle English period, the voiced affricate /dʒ/ took on phonemic status. (In Old English, it is considered to have been an allophone of /j/).

  5. English-language vowel changes before historic /l/ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-language_vowel...

    In the history of English phonology, there have been many diachronic sound changes affecting vowels, especially involving phonemic splits and mergers.A number of these changes are specific to vowels which occur before /l/, especially in cases where the /l/ is at the end of a syllable (or is not followed by a vowel).

  6. Glottalic consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalic_consonant

    In phonetics, a glottalic consonant is a consonant produced with some important contribution (movement or closure) of the glottis.. Glottalic sounds may involve motion of the larynx upward or downward, as the initiator of an egressive or ingressive glottalic airstream mechanism respectively.

  7. Glottis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottis

    English has a voiceless glottal transition spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis. [ 4 ] In many accents of English the glottal stop (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant allophone of the phoneme /t/ (and in some dialects ...

  8. Ejective consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant

    When sonorants are transcribed with an apostrophe in the literature as if they were ejective, they actually involve a different airstream mechanism: they are glottalized consonants and vowels whose glottalization partially or fully interrupts an otherwise normal voiced pulmonic airstream, somewhat like English uh-uh (either vocalic or nasal ...

  9. Glottal stop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_stop

    Geordie English often uses glottal stops for t, k, and p, and has a unique form of glottalization. Additionally, there is the glottal stop as a null onset for English; in other words, it is the non-phonemic glottal stop occurring before isolated or initial vowels. Often a glottal stop happens at the beginning of vowel phonation after a silence. [1]