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  2. Hawthorne effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect

    The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [1] [2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.

  3. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    However, knowledge of participation in the study would be required by law and is thought to still have the potential to cause the induction of the Hawthorne effect. [15] Further, making responses or study data completely anonymous will result in reducing the likelihood of participants altering their behaviour as a result of being observed as ...

  4. Goodhart's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart's_law

    Goodhart's law is an adage often stated as, "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure". [1] It is named after British economist Charles Goodhart, who is credited with expressing the core idea of the adage in a 1975 article on monetary policy in the United Kingdom: [2]

  5. Hawthorne Works - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_Works

    The term "Hawthorne effect" refers to the type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] It was first observed in data from the Hawthorne Works collected by psychologist Elton Mayo and later reinterpreted by Henry A. Landsberger, who coined the term.

  6. Reactivity (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_(psychology)

    The Hawthorne effect occurs when research study participants know they are being studied and alter their performance because of the attention they receive from the experimenters. The John Henry effect , a specific form of Hawthorne effect, occurs when the participants in the control group alter their behavior out of awareness that they are in ...

  7. Observer's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer's_paradox

    In the field of sociolinguistics, the term Observer’s Paradox was coined by William Labov, who stated with regard to the term: . The aim of linguistic research in the community must be to find out how people talk when they are not being systematically observed; yet we can only obtain this data by systematic observation.

  8. List of effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_effects

    Clientele effect (economics) (finance) Cluster effect (economics effects) CNN effect (civil–military relations) (CNN) (news media) (warfare of the modern era) Coandă effect (aerodynamics) (boundary layers) (physical phenomena) Coattail effect (political terms) Cobra effect (Economics) Cocktail party effect (acoustical signal processing ...

  9. Organizational theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory

    The Hawthorne study suggested that employees have social and psychological needs along with economic needs in order to be motivated to complete their assigned tasks. This theory of management was a product of the strong opposition against "the Scientific and universal management process theory of Taylor and Fayol."