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The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
The brain's reward system assigns it incentive salience (i.e., it is "wanted" or "desired"), [31] [32] [33] so as an addiction develops, deprivation of the drug leads to craving. In addition, stimuli associated with drug use – e.g., the sight of a syringe, and the location of use – become associated with the intense reinforcement induced by ...
This potential reward is a weighted sum of expected values of the rewards of all future steps starting from the current state. [1] As an example, consider the process of boarding a train, in which the reward is measured by the negative of the total time spent boarding (alternatively, the cost of boarding the train is equal to the boarding time).
Targeted stimulation activates the reward system circuitry and establishes response habits similar to those established by natural rewards, such as food and sex. [1] Experiments on BSR soon demonstrated that stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus , along with other regions of the brain associated with natural reward, was both rewarding as well ...
Pleasure is a component of reward, but not all rewards are pleasurable (e.g., money does not elicit pleasure unless this response is conditioned). [68] Stimuli that are naturally pleasurable, and therefore attractive, are known as intrinsic rewards , whereas stimuli that are attractive and motivate approach behavior, but are not inherently ...
The mesolimbic pathway, sometimes referred to as the reward pathway, is a dopaminergic pathway in the brain. [1] The pathway connects the ventral tegmental area in the midbrain to the ventral striatum of the basal ganglia in the forebrain. The ventral striatum includes the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle. [2]
Authorities in New York have arrested a man in connection with the disappearance of a 14-year-old girl who has since been found. Emmarae Gervasi disappeared from Suffolk County, N.Y., on Dec. 8 ...
The striatum (pl.: striata) or corpus striatum [5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia. [6] The striatum is a critical component of the motor and reward systems; receives glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs from different sources; and serves as the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.