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  2. Arc length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

    Before the full formal development of calculus, the basis for the modern integral form for arc length was independently discovered by Hendrik van Heuraet and Pierre de Fermat. In 1659 van Heuraet published a construction showing that the problem of determining arc length could be transformed into the problem of determining the area under a ...

  3. Circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

    Using radians, the formula for the arc length s of a circular arc of radius r and subtending a central angle of measure 𝜃 is =, and the formula for the area A of a circular sector of radius r and with central angle of measure 𝜃 is A = 1 2 θ r 2 . {\displaystyle A={\frac {1}{2}}\theta r^{2}.}

  4. Circular segment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_segment

    The arc length, from the familiar geometry of a circle, is s = θ R {\displaystyle s={\theta }R} The area a of the circular segment is equal to the area of the circular sector minus the area of the triangular portion (using the double angle formula to get an equation in terms of θ {\displaystyle \theta } ):

  5. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    The hypotenuse ¯ of the red-outlined triangle has length ⁡, so its side ¯ has length ⁡. The line segment A E ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {AE}}} has length cos ⁡ 2 θ {\displaystyle \cos 2\theta } and sum of the lengths of A E ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {AE}}} and D E ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {DE}}} equals the length of A D ...

  6. Proofs of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_trigonometric...

    This geometric argument relies on definitions of arc length and area, which act as assumptions, so it is rather a condition imposed in construction of trigonometric functions than a provable property. [2] For the sine function, we can handle other values. If θ > π /2, then θ > 1. But sin θ ≤ 1 (because of the Pythagorean identity), so sin ...

  7. Inverse hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions

    This is analogous to the way circular angle measure is the arc length of an arc of the unit circle in the Euclidean plane or twice the area of the corresponding circular sector. Alternately hyperbolic angle is the area of a sector of the hyperbola = Some authors call the inverse hyperbolic functions hyperbolic area functions.

  8. Line element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_element

    The coordinate-independent definition of the square of the line element ds in an n-dimensional Riemannian or Pseudo Riemannian manifold (in physics usually a Lorentzian manifold) is the "square of the length" of an infinitesimal displacement [2] (in pseudo Riemannian manifolds possibly negative) whose square root should be used for computing curve length: = = (,) where g is the metric tensor ...

  9. Area of a circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_circle

    Let the length of A′B be c n, which we call the complement of s n; thus c n 2 +s n 2 = (2r) 2. Let C bisect the arc from A to B, and let C′ be the point opposite C on the circle. Thus the length of CA is s 2n, the length of C′A is c 2n, and C′CA is itself a right triangle on diameter C′C.

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