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Pages in category "Articles with example Python (programming language) code" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 201 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. (previous page)
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data. R software is open-source and free software.
For example, a counting problem associated with factoring is "Given a positive integer n, count the number of nontrivial prime factors of n." A counting problem can be represented by a function f from {0, 1} * to the nonnegative integers. For a search relation R, the counting problem associated to R is the function f R (x) = |{y: R(x, y) }|.
Different sets of allowed Boolean functions lead to different problem versions. As an example, R(¬x,a,b) is a generalized clause, and R(¬x,a,b) ∧ R(b,y,c) ∧ R(c,d,¬z) is a generalized conjunctive normal form. This formula is used below, with R being the ternary operator that is TRUE just when exactly one of its arguments is.
Note that a power-of-2 modulus shares the problem as described above for c = 0: the low k bits form a generator with modulus 2 k and thus repeat with a period of 2 k; only the most significant bit achieves the full period. If a pseudorandom number less than r is desired, ⌊ rX/m ⌋ is a much higher-quality result than X mod r.
The prefix Py-is used to show that something is related to Python. Examples of the use of this prefix in names of Python applications or libraries include Pygame, a binding of Simple DirectMedia Layer to Python (commonly used to create games); PyQt and PyGTK, which bind Qt and GTK to Python respectively; and PyPy, a Python implementation ...
Each problem takes a Boolean formula as input and the task is to compute the number of satisfying assignments. This can be further generalized by using larger domain sizes and attaching a weight to each satisfying assignment and computing the sum of these weights. It is known that any complex weighted #CSP problem is either in FP or #P-hard. [32]
The example set of rules that CLIPS provides is somewhat fragile in that naive changes to the rulebase that might seem to a human of average intelligence to make common sense can cause the engine to fail to get the monkey to reach the banana. [3] Other examples exist using Rules Based System (RBS) a project implemented in Python. [4] [5]