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A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines.
The signal that starts the MAPK/ERK pathway is the binding of extracellular mitogen to a cell surface receptor.This allows a Ras protein (a Small GTPase) to swap a GDP molecule for a GTP molecule, flipping the "on/off switch" of the pathway.
Activated p38 MAP kinase has been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKAP kinase 2 and to phosphorylate the transcription factors ATF2, Mac, MEF2, and p53. [ 4 ] p38 also has been shown to phosphorylate post-transcriptional regulating factors like TTP , [ 5 ] and in fruit flies it plays a role in regulating the circadian clock.
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Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [1] A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at ...
Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) [1] and a type of neuropeptide, belonging to the tachykinin family of neuropeptides.
Medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use.
In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers ) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01.